Questions about fermentation (Upstream process)

Hi, my name is Peter, I am a research pharmacist working in the development of bio pharmaceuticals. I have some questions about the upstream process:

How should i calculate the volume of the inoculum (pre-culture), based on initial media volume only or initial media volume plus volume of supplments?
What is the accurate equation that I should use to calculate the accurate volume of the inoculum to inoculate the main fermentation?
How should i calculate the feed rate, based on initial media volume only or initial media volume plus supplements plus inoculum?
What is the protocol of measuring the cell density using spectrophotometer, should I use WFI or blank media as a reference while measuring?

If anyone knows a good forum or site that can explain all these fermentation basics ?
Thanks in advance for your answer